
About
Antrodia camphorata, commonly known as Niu-Chang-Chih or Taiwanofungus camphoratus, is a rare medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan, where it grows exclusively on the inner heartwood of the endangered camphor tree (Cinnamomum kanehirae). Known for its intense bitterness and profound medicinal properties, it is revered in traditional Taiwanese medicine for its liver-protective, anti-cancer, and immune-boosting effects.
History
Traditionally used by Taiwanese aboriginal tribes for detoxification, hangover relief, and liver ailments, Antrodia camphorata was historically one of the most prized fungi in the region. Due to overharvesting and the rarity of its host tree, the fungus became critically endangered in the wild.
In response, biotechnological advances have enabled successful artificial cultivation using fermentation or wood-based methods. This has allowed wider access while preserving native forests. Today, it is a high-value nutraceutical used across Asia in capsules, teas, and health tonics.
Overview
Niu-Chang-Chih produces a brightly colored fruiting body that ranges from reddish-orange to dark brown, with a woody, cork-like texture. In the wild, it is found on rotting camphor tree trunks in humid mountain forests at elevations above 1,000 meters.
The mushroom contains triterpenoids, polysaccharides, and benzenoids—compounds linked to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. While extremely bitter and not used in cuisine, it is consumed medicinally as an extract or powder to support liver function, combat fatigue, and improve overall vitality.
Physical Characteristics
Caps:
Resupinate, crust-like. Up to 8 cm wide. Brown to reddish brown with cream pores.
Gills:
Small cream-colored pores, 5-6 per mm.
Helps With
Cancer
Exhibits cytotoxic effects against certain cancer cell lines
Liver Function
Protects liver cells and aids regeneration
Immune System
Enhances immune response through effects on monocytes and lymphocytes
Medicinal Chemistry
Similar Species

Species: Antrodia xantha
Edibility: non-edible
Key Differences: Found on birch and beech trees, yellow pore surface

Species: Antrodia xantha
Edibility: non-edible
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References
Review of Pharmacological Effects of Antrodia camphorata and Its Bioactive Compounds
Antrodia camphorata is a unique mushroom of Taiwan, which has been used as a traditional medicine for protection of diverse health-related conditions. In an effort to translate this Eastern medicine into Western-accepted therapy, a great deal of work has been carried out on A. camphorata. This review discusses the biological activities of the crude extracts and the main bioactive compounds of A. camphorata. The list of bioactivities of crude extracts is huge, ranging from anti-cancer to vasorelaxation and others. Over 78 compounds consisting of terpenoids, benzenoids, lignans, benzoquinone derivatives, succinic and maleic derivatives, in addition to polysaccharides have been identified.
2011