Fomes Fomentarius

Fomes fomentarius, commonly known as the Tinder Fungus, Hoof Fungus, or Amadou Fungus, is a hard, perennial polypore famous for its fire-starting capabilities, medicinal uses, and historical significance in prehistoric survival. This fungus grows primarily on birch, beech, and other hardwoods in temperate regions and has been used for thousands of years as a reliable fire tinder and in folk medicine.

History

Perhaps its most famous association is with Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old mummy found in the Alps, who carried pieces of Fomes fomentarius in his survival gear—presumably to start fires. In medieval Europe, it was a staple in traditional apothecaries and was used to treat wounds, stop bleeding, and reduce inflammation.

The inner flesh (amadou) is processed into a soft, felt-like material that can easily catch a spark from flint. It was also used historically in fly fishing, hat-making, and for smoking beehives.

Overview

The fruiting body is hoof-shaped, gray to brown, and can grow 10–30 cm wide, lasting for multiple years. It has a hard crust and finely pored underside. Though inedible due to its dense, woody texture, it is prized for survival, ecological, and traditional applications.

Medicinally, it contains betulinic acid, triterpenes, and polysaccharides with potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. It is sometimes brewed into teas or tinctures, though less commonly than other medicinal fungi.